6.References | Enabling digital transformations in industries and a society | IPA Innovation Platform Agency, Japan

6.References

International Comparative Study Report on Open Source Software Publication Activities by Governments

• beta.gouv.fr. (Date unknown). Discover the program. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from beta.gouv.fr: https://beta.gouv.fr/approche/
• Decision and Report of the Committee on Internal Affairs and Homeland on the Federal Government's Draft Bill – Draft Law Amending the Online Access Act and Other Regulations for the Digitalization of Administration. Acce...
• DigitalService GmbH of the Federal Government. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from DigitalService: https://digitalservice.bund.de/en/
• e-Estonia. (Date unknown). GovStack creates building blocks for e-government. Accessed: December 23, 2025, Source: https://e-estonia.com/govstack-creates-building-blocks-for-e-government/
• e-Estonia. (Date unknown). Smart-ID. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.id.ee/en/article/smart-id/
• etalab-ia. (Date unknown). Lab IA’s Knowledge Book. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://etalab-ia.github.io/knowledge-base/
• Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). (Date unknown). Corona-Warn-App. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.bsi.bund.de/EN/Themen/Unternehmen-und-Organisationen/Standards-und-Zertifizierung/E-Health/CWA...
• Free Software Foundation Europe. (2017). Public Money Public Code. Retrieved January 2026, from https://publiccode.eu/ja/
• GOV.UK. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from GOV.UK Design System: https://design-system.service.gov.uk/
• Government of Singapore. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Open Government Products: https://www.open.gov.sg/
• Government of Singapore. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Singapore Government Developer Portal: https://www.developer.tech.gov.sg/products
• HM Revenue & Customs. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Engineering Guidance: https://engineering.hmrc.gov.uk/
• Hoffmann, Manuel, Nagle, Frank, Zhou, Yanuo. (Date unknown). The Value of Open Source Software. Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper.
• Information System Authority (RIA). (Date unknown). Cyber Security in Estonia 2025. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.ria.ee/en/cyber-security-estonia-2025
• Knut, B., & Torben, S. (2024). Estimating the GDP effect of Open Source Software and its complementarities with R&D and patents: evidence and policy implications. Springer Nature.
• La Fabrique numérique des Ministères Sociaux. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from La Fabrique numérique des ministères sociaux: https://www.fabrique.social.gouv.fr/
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from LLNL Software Catalog: https://software.llnl.gov/
• Legifrance. (August 10, 2016). LOI n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 pour une République numérique (1). Accessed January 2026, Retrieved from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=SJ9w29KN2wvvWjcmiPwHr3B0La5rYk6ys...
• Linåker, J., Lundell, B., Servant, F., & Gamalielss, J. (2025, March 8). Public sector open source software projects - How is development organized? Empirical Software Engineering, 30(80).
• Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. (2021). Estonia’s Digital Agenda 2030. Retrieved January 2026, from https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2022-04/Digiühiskonna%20arengukava_ENG.pdf
• Muto, Sachiko, and Johan Linåker. (2024). Retrieved January 2026, from Software Reuse through Open Source Software in the Public Sector - A qualitative survey on Policy and Practice : https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/ge...
• NASA. (Date unknown). Open MCT - Open Source Mission Control Software. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://nasa.github.io/openmct/
• Office of Management and Budget. (August 2016). Federal Source Code Policy: Achieving Efficiency, Transparency, and Innovation through Reusable and Open Source Software. Retrieved January 2026, from https://obamawhitehou...
• SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens, & FDP. (December 7, 2021). Daring More Progress: Alliance for Freedom, Justice, and Sustainability - Coalition Agreement 2021-2025. Accessed: January 2026, Source: https://www.spd.de/fileadmi...
• Structurizr. (Date unknown). HM Prison and Probation Service. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://structurizr.com/share/56937
• The Robert Koch Institute. (Date unknown). Mission statement. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://www.rki.de/EN/Institute/The-RKI/Mission-statement/mission-statement-node.html
• U.S. General Services Administration. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from Digital.gov — Guidance on building better digital services in government: https://digital.gov/
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, from PLATEAU: https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/
• Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. (Date unknown). Retrieved December 23, 2025, Source: GSI Maps: https://maps.gsi.go.jp/#5/37.614231/140.414062/&base=std&ls=std&disp=1&vs=c1g1j0h0k0l0u0t0z0r0s0m0f11
• Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan. (2024). 2024 Open Source Promotion Report: Current Status and Outlook for Forming Open Source Strategies in Japan. The Potential of Open Source as a Public Good Supporting Technological Sovereignty and a Co-creation Society. Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan.

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International Comparative Study Report on Open Source Software Publication Activities by Governments: Quantitative Analysis of Government Agency Repositories on GitHub

Hiroyuki Fukuchi (Software Engineering Group, Digital Engineering Department, Digital Infrastructure Center, IPA)

Shin Okamoto (Technical Adviser of IPA, monlon General Incorporated Association)

Shinya Kohashi (Technical Adviser of IPA, Concent, Inc.)

Johan Linåker (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden)

Hiroki Yoshida (Digital Agency)

Haruyuki Seki (Code for Japan, General Incorporated Association)

Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan

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